Tcf362fT131417 LEGAL CASES T969389~/wiki
T969389Court Decisions & Statutes
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Landmark rulings on government surveillance technology.
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ACLU v. Clapper (2015)
T969389US | Metadata (Bulk Telephony)
Tcf362fPlaintiffs won on statutory grounds. NSA bulk metadata program exceeded Section 215 of the Patriot Act.
T969389The Second Circuit held the NSA's bulk collection of Americans'
T969389telephone metadata was not authorized by Section 215. It decided on
T969389statutory...
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Klayman v. Obama (2015)
T969389US | Metadata (Section 215)
Tcf362fDistrict court injunction vacated and remanded; plaintiffs failed to show standing for the NSA bulk-metadata program.
T969389The D.C. Circuit vacated Judge Leon's landmark injunction against NSA
T969389bulk telephone-metadata collection, holding plaintiffs had not shown
T969389their own...
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Riley v. California (2014)
T969389Federal | Cell phone search
Tcf362fWarrant required for phone searches
T969389Unanimous ruling that police need a warrant to search cell phone
T969389contents incident to arrest. Court recognized phones contain 'the
T969389privacies of life.'
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United States v. Katzin (2014)
T969389US | GPS
Tcf362fGovernment won on remand. En banc court admitted GPS evidence under the good-faith exception.
T969389FBI agents warrantlessly attached a GPS tracker to a burglary
T969389suspect's van. A 2013 panel required a warrant, but the en banc Third
T969389Circuit vacated...
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Commonwealth v. Augustine (2014)
T969389MA | CSLI
Tcf362fWarrant required for historical CSLI under the state constitution.
T969389The Massachusetts SJC held that despite CSLI being a carrier business
T969389record, a defendant has a reasonable expectation of privacy in it
T969389under Article...
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Tracey v. State (2014)
T969389FL | CSLI (Real-Time)
Tcf362fWarrant required for real-time cell-site tracking; evidence suppressed.
T969389The Florida Supreme Court held that a person retains a reasonable
T969389expectation of privacy in real-time cell-site location signals, even
T969389on public...
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State v. Earls (2013)
T969389NJ | CSLI
Tcf362fWarrant required for cell-phone location data under the state constitution.
T969389The New Jersey Supreme Court held that the state constitution protects
T969389a privacy interest in cell-phone location information, requiring a
T969389warrant,...
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United States v. Jones (2012)
T969389Federal | GPS tracking
Tcf362fWarrant required for GPS
T969389Unanimous ruling that attaching GPS tracker to vehicle constitutes a
T969389search under 4th Amendment. Justice Sotomayor's concurrence laid
T969389groundwork for...
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People v. Weaver (2009)
T969389NY | GPS
Tcf362fDefendant won. Warrantless 65-day GPS tracking violated the New York Constitution.
T969389Police attached a GPS unit to a suspect's van and tracked it for 65
T969389days without a warrant. New York's high court, relying on the STATE
T969389constitution,...
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Kyllo v. United States (2001)
T969389Federal | Thermal imaging
Tcf362fWarrant required for thermal imaging
T969389Government use of thermal imaging device aimed at private home
T969389constitutes a search. Technology not in general public use that
T969389reveals details of the...
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Florida v. Riley (1989)
T969389US | Aerial Surveillance
Tcf362fState won (plurality). Helicopter observation of a greenhouse from 400 feet is not a search.
T969389An officer circled a partially open greenhouse in a helicopter at 400
T969389feet and saw marijuana. The plurality extended Ciraolo to
T969389lower-altitude...
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California v. Ciraolo (1986)
T969389US | Aerial Surveillance
Tcf362fState won. Naked-eye observation from a plane at 1,000 feet is not a search.
T969389Police flew a fixed-wing aircraft at 1,000 feet over a fenced backyard
T969389and spotted marijuana. Because the airspace was public and legally
T969389navigable,...
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United States v. Karo (1984)
T969389US | GPS / Beeper Tracking
Tcf362fMixed; conviction upheld. Monitoring a beeper inside a private residence is a search.
T969389Companion to Knotts. Using a beeper to confirm an item's presence
T969389inside a home revealed a fact about the interior that agents could not
T969389have...
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United States v. Knotts (1983)
T969389US | GPS / Beeper Tracking
Tcf362fGovernment won. Tracking a beeper on public roads is not a search.
T969389Police used a radio beeper hidden in a chloroform container to follow
T969389a car to a cabin. The Court held that a person traveling public roads
T969389has no...
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Smith v. Maryland (1979)
T969389US | Third-Party Doctrine / Pen Register
Tcf362fState won. Installing a pen register to record dialed numbers is not a Fourth Amendment search; no warrant required.
T969389Baltimore police had the phone company install a pen register to log
T969389numbers dialed from a robbery suspect's home. The Court held that
T969389people have no...
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